Medial_longitudinal_fasciculus, Medial_longitudinal_fasciculus Information, Medial_longitudinal


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Brain: Medial longitudinal fasciculus

Transverse section of mid-brain at level of inferior colliculi. (Medial longitudinal fasciculus labeled at center right.)

Coronal section through mid-brain. 1. Corpora quadrigemina. 2. Cerebral aqueduct. 3. Central gray stratum. 4. Interpeduncular space. 5. Sulcus lateralis. 6. Substantia nigra. 7. Red nucleus of tegmentum. 8. Oculomotor nerve, with 8’, its nucleus of origin. a. Lemniscus (in blue) with a’ the medial lemniscus and a" the lateral lemniscus. b. Medial longitudinal fasciculus. c. Raphé. d. Temporopontine fibers. e. Portion of medial lemniscus, which runs to the lentiform nucleus and insula. f. Cerebrospinal fibers. g. Frontopontine fibers.
Latin	fasciculus longitudinalis medialis
Gray\'s	subject #188 803
NeuroNames	ancil-743
Dorlands/Elsevier	f_03/12356052

The medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) is a pair of crossed fiber tracts (group of axons), one on each side of the brainstem.

Function

The MLF carries information about the direction that the eyes should move.

It yokes the cranial nerve nuclei III, IV and VI together, as well as the gaze centers and information about head movement (from cranial nerve VIII).

It also carries the decending tectospinal tract and medial vestibulospinal tracts into the cervical spinal cord, and innervates some muscles of the neck and upper extremities.

Inputs

The MLF arises from the Vestibular nucleus (VN) and is thought to be involved in the maintenance of gaze. This is achieved by inputs to the VN from

the Vestibulocochlear (8th cranial) nerve about head movements,
gain adjustments from the flocculus of the cerebellum,
head and neck propioceptors and foot and ankle muscle spindle, via the fastigial nucleus.

Pathology

Lesions of the MLF produce internuclear ophthalmoplegia. Lesions to the MLF are very common manifestations of the disease multiple sclerosis.where it most commonly presents as diplopia. These lesions cause damage to the ipsilateral (same side) eye.

History

In 1846 neurologist Benedict Stilling first referred to what is now known as the MLF as the acusticus, followed by Theodor Meynert in 1872 calling it posterior. But in 1891, Heinrich Schutz chose the name dorsal to describe the longitudinal bundle, "for brevity\'s sake". This name stuck despite other authors attempting further renaming (Ramon y Cajal\'s periependymal in 1904, Theodor Ziehen\'s nubecula dorsalis in 1913). But finally, it was Wilhelm His, Sr. who changed the name to medial for the sake of the Basle nomenclature to end the confusion.

Additional images

Gray680.png

Decussation of pyramids.

Gray695.png

Transverse section of medulla oblongata below the middle of the olive.

Vestibulo-ocular reflex

External links

Medial+longitudinal+fasciculus at eMedicine Dictionary
Atlas of anatomy at UMich n2a4p4 - "Brainstem, Cranial Nerve Nuclei, Sagittal Section, Medial View"

v • d • e

Brain: mesencephalon (midbrain)

Tectum

Corpora quadrigemina: Inferior colliculi (Brachium of inferior colliculus), Superior colliculi (Brachium of superior colliculus)
Subcommissural organ • Pretectum

Peduncle tegmentum

Periaqueductal gray (Cerebral aqueduct, Dorsal raphe nucleus)

Ventral tegmentum • Pedunculopontine nucleus • Red nucleus • MLF (riMLF) • lemnisci (Medial, Lateral)

cranial nuclei (III: Oculomotor nucleus, III: Edinger-Westphal nucleus, IV: Trochlear nucleus, V: Mesencephalic)

Peduncle base

Substantia nigra • Cerebral crus (Corticospinal tract, Corticobulbar tract, Corticopontine tract/Frontopontine fibers/Temporopontine fibers)

v • d • e Brain: rhombencephalon (hindbrain)
Myelencephalon/medulla	anterior/ventral: Arcuate nucleus of medulla • Pyramid (Decussation) • Olivary body • Inferior olivary nucleus • Anterior median fissure • Ventral respiratory group posterior/dorsal: VII,IX,X: Solitary/tract • XII, X: Dorsal • IX,X,XI: Ambiguus • IX: Inferior salivatory nucleus • Gracile nucleus/Cuneate nucleus/Accessory cuneate nucleus • Area postrema • Posterior median sulcus • Dorsal respiratory group raphe/reticular: Sensory decussation • Reticular formation (Gigantocellular nucleus, Parvocellular reticular nucleus, Ventral reticular nucleus, Lateral reticular nucleus, Paramedian reticular nucleus) • Raphe nuclei (Obscurus, Magnus, Pallidus) tracts: Corticospinal tract (Lateral, Anterior) • Inferior cerebellar peduncle • Olivocerebellar tract • Spinocerebellar (Dorsal, Ventral) • Spinothalamic tract • PCML (Posterior external arcuate fibers, Internal arcuate fibers, Medial lemniscus) • Extrapyramidal (Rubrospinal tract, Vestibulospinal tract, Tectospinal tract)
Metencephalon/pons	anterior/ventral: Superior olivary nucleus • Basis pontis (Pontine nuclei, Middle cerebellar peduncles) posterior/dorsal: Pontine tegmentum (Trapezoid body, Superior medullary velum, Locus ceruleus, MLF, Vestibulocerebellar tract, V Principal Spinal & Motor, VI, VII, VII: Superior salivary nucleus) • VIII-c (Dorsal, Anterior)/VIII-v (Lateral, Superior, Medial, Inferior) raphe/reticular: Reticular formation (Caudal pontine reticular nucleus, Oral pontine reticular nucleus, Tegmental pontine reticular nucleus, Paramedian pontine reticular formation) • Median raphe nucleus Apneustic center • Pneumotaxic center
Metencephalon/cerebellum	Vermis • Flocculus • Arbor vitae • Cerebellar tonsil • Inferior medullary velum Molecular layer (Stellate cell, Basket cell, Parallel fiber) • Purkinje cell layer (Purkinje cell) • Granule cell layer (Golgi cell) • Mossy fibers • Climbing fiber Deep cerebellar nuclei (Dentate, Emboliform, Globose, Fastigial)
Fourth ventricle	apertures (Median, Lateral) • Rhomboid fossa (Vagal trigone, Hypoglossal trigone, Obex, Sulcus limitans, Facial colliculus, Medial eminence) • Lateral recess

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Medial_longitudinal_fasciculus