The base of the cartilaginous portion of the Eustachian tube lies directly under the mucous membrane of the nasal part of the pharynx, where it forms an elevation, the torus tubarius or cushion, behind the pharyngeal orifice of the tube.
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v • d • e Sensory system: Auditory and Vestibular systems |
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| Outer ear | pinna (Helix, Antihelix, Tragus, Antitragus, Earlobe) • Ear canal |
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| Middle ear | Eardrum (Umbo) • Ossicles (Malleus, Incus & Stapes) • muscles (Stapedius, Tensor tympani) • Eustachian tube (Torus tubarius) |
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| Inner ear/Labyrinth | Bony labyrinth (Vestibule) • Membranous labyrinth Oval window • Helicotrema • Round window Cochlea: Spiral ganglion • Modiolus • Cochlear duct/scala media (Endolymph, Stria vascularis, Spiral ligament, Organ of Corti) • Scala vestibuli and Scala tympani (Perilymph) Reissner\'s/vestibular membrane • Basilar membrane • Tectorial membrane Organ of Corti: Hair cells • Stereocilia • Sulcus spiralis (externus, internus) • Limbus spiralis |
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| Vestibular system | Static/translations: Utricle (Macula) - Saccule (Macula, Endolymphatic sac, Endolymphatic duct) - Kinocilium - Otolith
Kinetic/rotations: Semicircular canals (Superior, Posterior, Horizontal) • Cupula • Ampullae (Crista ampullaris) |
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| Brain (auditory) | Cochlear nerve VIII → Cochlear nuclei → Superior olivary nuclei → Lateral lemniscus → Inferior colliculi → Medial geniculate nuclei → Primary auditory cortex |
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v • d • e General anatomy of head and neck - head |
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| Face/Occiput | Forehead • Eye (Orbit/Periorbita) • Ear • Temple • Cheek • Chin • Scalp |
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| Nose | |
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| Mouth/oral cavity |
| Palate/roof of mouth |
Hard palate • Soft palate • Palatine raphe • Incisive papilla |
| Tongue |
dorsum (Taste bud, Median sulcus, Terminal sulcus, Foramen cecum, Lingual tonsils) • opposite dorsum (Frenulum, Plica fimbriata, Sublingual caruncle) • Anterior • Posterior • Glossoepiglottic folds |
| Teeth |
Permanent (Incisor, Canine, Premolar, Molar) • Deciduous |
| Oro-pharynx |
arches/fauces (Palatoglossal, Palatopharyngeal) • Oropharyngeal isthmus • Palatine tonsil • Uvula |
| Salivary glands |
Parotid gland/Parotid duct • Submandibular gland/Submandibular duct • Sublingual gland/Major sublingual duct |
| Other |
Lip (Upper, Lower) • Philtrum • Pterygomandibular raphe • Vestibule of mouth |
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| Fascia | Masseteric fascia - Temporal fascia - Galea aponeurotica |
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